Fabric forming device for weaving looms

ABSTRACT

A device for forming fabric in weaving looms, and is based on the principle of beating weft thread by the reed to the fabric fell. In this device the reed is made in the form of disks with teeth mounted on a drive shaft with a possibility of some translational movement therealong, and positioned angularly offset relative to each other so, that their teeth form a screwtype surface. The teeth on each disk are grouped within an arc section of this disk, and rise in height in a direction opposite to that of the disk rotation, so that the first short tooth approach the weft thread to the fabric fell, and the last long one beat it.

United States Patent Titov [54] FABRIC FORMING DEVICE FOR WEAVING LOOMS [72] Inventor: Dmitry Vladimirovich Titov, Moscow, U.S.S.R. [73] Assignee: Visesojuzny Nauchno Issledovatelsky lnstitut Textilnogo Legkoyo Mashinostroenia, Moscow, U.S.S.R.

221 Filed: I)ec.,15, 1970 211 Appl.No.: 98,299

[52] Cl. ..l39/l2, 139/188, 139/191 [51] Int. Cl. ..D03d 47/26, D03d 49/60 [58] Field of Search ..l39/l2, 188, 190, 191

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,251,337 8/1941 .1 Libby ..l39/l91 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS U.S.S.R. ..139/12 15 3,705,605 1451 l)ec. 12, 1 272 988,468 4/1965 Great Britain ..l39/188 208,558 12/1967 U.S.S.R. ..139/l2 570,196 12/1957 Italy ..139/l88 Primary Examiner-James Kee Chi Attorney-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz & Nissen [57] ABSTRACT 'A device for forming fabric in weaving looms, and is based on the principle of beating weft thread by the reed to the fabric fell. In this device the reed is made in the form of disks with teeth mounted on a drive shaft with a possibility of some translational movement therealong, and positioned angularly offset relative to each other so, that their teeth form a screwtype surface. The teeth on each disk are grouped within an arc-section of this disk, and rise in height in a direction opposite to that of the disk rotation, so that the first short tooth approach the weft thread to the fabric fell, and the last long one beat it.

. I 2 la m ai mwia fi ur s,

FABRIC FORMING DEVICE FOR WEAVING LOOMS The present invention relates to weaving looms, and more specifically to fabric forming devices used in these looms.

The most successful use of the present invention can be made in multished looms, i.e., in looms wherein the warp threads form several sheds, each of them accommodating a weft thread carrier. However, the present invention can just as well be employed in ordinary weaving looms, as well as in looms wherein the weft thread is picked in the shed by a microshuttle, by air, or by air tubes.

Known in the prior art is a fabric forming device, comprising: a reed in the form of disks freely mounted on a drive shaft with a possibility of some translational movementtherealong, each disk having one tooth beating the weft thread to the fabric fell, and these disks being turned relative to one another so as to form a one-thread screw; fixed separating plates between which clearances are available for the passage of the warp threads, each of these plates being mounted relative to the disk and also having a clearance formed between the plate and the tooth edge; and fixed plates between which the disk is disposed, which-last-mentioned plates enter the clearances betweenthe separating plates, locate the disk opposite the latter; and amount otherplates for the weft thread carrier (see, for example, USSR Authors Certificate 157,293, Cl. 86c, 17, dated 1962). In looms with such a fabric forming device warp threads are curved, i.e., their parallelism is disturbed after their passage between the separating plates, thus between certain disks there would be two, three, or more threads, while between the adjacent disks there will be only one. As a result, the fabric will have a nonuniform warp pitch. Disks with one tooth do not correct this distortion. Besides, for quality beating of the weft thread it should have a definite tension, particularly in multished looms. The prior art device does not provide this tension, since one and the same tooth effects both thread approaching to the fabric fell, and its beating, whereby an excess length of welf thread is being fed, and hence its tension is changed. Furthermore, employment in the prior art devices of additional plates to hold the weft thread carrier reduces the number of disks, thereby adversely affecting the weft beating conditions and preventing manufacture of fabrics with a uniform distribution of warp threads.

Also known in the art are fabric forming devices, wherein each of the disks has two diametrically disposed teeth. Although these devices provide a possibility of normal operation for moving the weft thread carrier in multished looms, they are subject to all of the above-mentioned disadvantages.

The principal object of the invention is to create a fabric forming device having a design for the disks, whereby the device ensures a quality draft of the warp threads, while providing required tension of the weft thread, variation of this tension with the variation of the warp tension, as well as distribution of the warp threads between the teeth of the disks in accordance with their draft between the separating plates, and in effect raising thereby the fabric quality.

With this object in view, the invention contemplates a fabric forming device for weaving looms, comprising: a reed in the form of disks with teeth freely mounted on a drive shaft providing the possibility of some translational movement therealong, these disks being turned relative to one another so that their teeth form a screwtype surface; fixed separating plates having clearances between them which are available for the passage of warp threads, each of these plates being mounted relative to the disk also with a clearance formed between it and the tooth edge; and fixed plates between which the disk is disposed, which plates enter the clearances between the separating plates and locate the disk opposite said plates. According to the invention, the teeth of each disk are concentrated within a certain section of the disk are so that, at the same time the edge of one tooth is located at the fabric fell, while the edge of another one enters the shed formed by the warp threads, the teeth on eachdisk rising in height in the direction opposite to that of the disk rotation, so that the first of the short teeth moves the weft thread up to the fabric fell, and the last of the high ones beats it.

The number of teeth on each disk may be advantageously three, while the difference of heights between the first short and the last long teeth is preferably chosen within 2 to 5 mm.

For a better appreciation of the invention, the following is a description of an embodiment of the fabric forming device for multished looms, with reference to the appended drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a side view of the fabric forming device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top plan view of the device; and

FIG. 3 shows a front view of the sheds formed by the warp threads.

The device comprises disks 2 freely mounted on a drive shaft 1 (FIG. 1) providing the possibility of some translational movement therealong, the disks having teeth 3, 4 and 5 adapted to be positioned opposite stationary separating plates 6 and 7, and including fixed plates 8.

Clearances are provided between plates 6 and 7, and each of the plates is located relative to disk 2 with a minimum clearance formed between it and the edge of tooth 5. Plates 6 and 7 are mounted on rods 9 and 10 which extend through washers 11, and by which they are tightened together. The bottom end of the assembled plates is fixed within a base 12.

The lower parts of plates 6 and 7, i.e., the most proximate to the edge of tooth 5, are shaped in an are which is concentric with the path of movement of the edge of this tooth. These parts serve to pass warp threads 13 between the teeth 3, 4 and 5 of disks 2.

Slots are formed in the middle portion of plates 6 so as-to accommodate carrier 14 with a weft thread 15. Each plate 7 is in its middle portion be'nt away from carrier 14, thereby forming a second row of separating plates for the free passage of the warp threads 13 during the period of rest position.

The top portions of plates 6 and 7 lie in one plane, and are similar in their shape to the dents of an ordinary reed. This provides convenient conditions for drafting the warp threads 13 between the separating plates.

Disk 2 is disposed between plates 8, one end of each of these plates entering the clearances between the separating plates 6 and 7, and beingjoined to these lastmentioned plates by rod 16. The other ends of plates 8 are mounted on rods 18 through washers l7, and are fixed to a stationary base 19.

Plates 8 provide for the location of disks 2 opposite the separating plates 6 and 7, and for uniform distribution of teeth at the time of beating the weft thread 15.

Disks 2 are mounted on shaft 1 through a sliding square key 20. These disks are positioned relative to each other 'so, that their teeth 3, 4, and 5 form a screwed surface, as is shown in FIG. 2. Teeth 3, 4, and 5 are made on each disk so as to rise in height in the direction opposite to that of the disks rotation (the direction of rotation of the shaft, hence of the disks, is conventionally shown with arrow A).

The difference of the heights between teeth 3 and 5 lies within 2 to 5 mm., this condition being observed in order that teeth 3 should move the weft thread 15 up to fell 21 of fabric 22, with teeth 5 beating it. At the moment when teeth 3 approach thread 15 to fell 21, they together with the warp threads 13 tighten it, thus creating conditions for tensioning this thread. Teeth 4 also tighten thread together with the warp threads 13. 1

Thus, when teeth 5 are beating thread 15 it is in a tensioned condition, a quality beat of this thread being therefore achieved.

The warp threads 13 pass through clearance between plates 6 and 7, which promotes a quality draft of these threads that does not change during the course of work.

The presence of three teeth 3, 4, and 5 provides for uniform distribution of the warp threads 13 across the width of fabric 22, i.e., these teeth prevent curving of the warp threads that may occur in the course of the loom operation, and maintain at the time of weft beating a number of the warp threads 13 between teeth 5 that equals the number of these threads drafted between the separating plates 6 and 7. Teeth 3, 4, and 5 on each disk 2 are grouped within an arc section of this disk so, that, at the same time the edge of one tooth, for example, tooth 3 (FIG. 1), is located at the fabric fell 21, while the edge of another one, for example, tooth 4, enters between the warp threads 13 the shed section formed by these threads. This also provides conditions for a quality beat of the weft thread 15. Between teeth 3 and 5 there extends an arc section on the disk, the length of which is considerably more than that of the arc wherein teeth 3, 4, and 5 are grouped. This is necessary in order to locate and support carrier 14 with the weft thread 15.

As the fabric has a property of changing its width in the weft beating zone, i.e., it has shrinkage, temples 23 are mounted at the fabric edges so as to stretch it.

Fabric forming in the present device is performed as follows.

The warp threads 13 are drawn in between the top parts of plates 6 and 7 as between ordinary reed. These threads form a shed, whereinto carrier 14 with the weft thread 15 is delivered. As disks 2 rotate in the direction shown by arrow A, the short tooth 3 sliding against bevel'24 (FIG. 3) of carrier 14 displaces it in the shed and captures the weft thread 15 approaching it to the fabric fell 21, the latter being widened. At this moment the second tooth, 4, enters the shed section between threads 13, this shed being thus closed, and with a rest position being formed. Following the rest position, threads 13 interlace threads 15, tighten it, and form a new shed, as is shown in FIG. 3. Tooth 4 approaching the fabric fell 21 presses on the laid down weft thread 15. In view of the greater height of this tooth as comared to the first one this br in s thread 15 still nearer o fell 21 of fabric 22. At this ime tooth 5 enters the shed section between the warp threads 13, crosses it, and approaches thread 15. Due to its maximum or elevated height, as compared to the preceding teeth, tooth 5 beats thread 15. Since thread 15 is-tightened by the warp threads 13 and teeth 4 and 3, it bends during its beating and new shedding without feeding any additional length thereof, i.e., due to its own inherent extension. Bending of thread 15 involves tension, which bends the warp threads 13. In such interaction of the warp and weft threads a fabric of required structure is formed. As the disk teeth move in the shed along the warp threads, the latter are combed, thus helping fine shedding. After thread 15 is beaten by tooth 5, a new shed is formed, into which another carrier 14 is brought so as to lay down another weft thread 15, upon which the operation cycle is then resumed.

What is claimed is: A

1. A fabric forming device for weaving looms, comprising: a rotatable drive shaft; a plurality of discs slidably mounted on said shaft and being axially movable relative thereto; a plurality of teeth being formed on each of said discs, the teeth of adjacent ones of said discs being angularly positioned with respect to each other so as to form a screw-type surface, said teeth on each of said discs being grouped within an arcuate segment of each respective disc so that concurrently an edge of one tooth is located at the fell of said fabric while an edge of a second tooth enters between warp threads to provide a shed section formed by these threads, the teeth on each disc extending in height in a direction opposite to the direction of disc rotation, the first tooth of the lowered teeth being adapted to move the weft thread up to the fabric fell, and the last tooth of the more elevated teeth being adapted to beat the thread; stationery spaced separating plates having a clearance therebetween for the passage of the warp threads, each of said plates being mounted relative to a respective one of said discs so as to form a clearance between said disc and the edge of the last tooth; further stationary spaced plates between which said discs are disposed, said last-mentioned plates extending into the clearances between said first-mentioned separating plates, and locating said discs opposite said firstmentioned separating plates.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each disc includes three teeth, the difference in height between the first short and the last long teeth on each disc being within 2 to 5 mm. 

1. A fabric forming device for weaving looms, comprising: a rotatable drive shaft; a plurality of discs slidably mounted on said shaft and being axially movable relative thereto; a plurality of teeth being formed on each of said discs, the teeth of adjacent ones of said discs being angularly positioned with respect to each other so as to form a screw-type surface, said teeth on each of said discs being grouped within an arcuate segment of each respective disc so that concurrently an edge of one tooth is located at the fell of said fabric while an edge of a second tooth enters between warp threads to provide a shed section formed by these threads, the teeth on each disc extending in height in a direction opposite to the direction of disc rotation, the first tooth of the lowered teeth being adapted to move the weft thread up to the fabric fell, and the last tooth of the more elevated teeth being adapted to beat the thread; stationery spaced separating plates having a clearance therebetween for the passage of the warp threads, each of said plates being mounted relative to a respective one of said discs so as to form a clearance between said disc and the edge of the last tooth; further stationary spaced plates between which said discs are disposed, said last-mentioned plates extending into the clearances between said first-mentioned separating plates, and locating said discs opposite said first-mentioned separating plates.
 2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each disc includes three teeth, the difference in height between the first short and the last long teeth on each disc being within 2 to 5 mm. 